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Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is a country in Southeast Asia. Situated in eastern Indochina—bordering China, Laos, Cambodia, as well as the South China Sea—it is the most populous country among the mainland Southeast Asian countries.


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| Vietnam is approximately 331,688 square km in area, which is slightly smaller than Germany. The topography consists of hills and densely forested mountains, with level land covering no more than 20 percent. Mountains account for 40 percent, hills 40 percent and forests 75 percent. The northern part of the country consists of highlands and the Red River Delta. Phan Xi Păng, located in Lào Cai province, is the highest mountain in Vietnam at 3,143 m. The south is divided into coastal lowlands, Dai Truong Son (central mountains) with high plateaus, and the Mekong River Delta. |
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| The climate in Vietnam is tropical and monsoonal; humidity averages 84 percent throughout the year. Annual rainfall ranges from 120 to 300 cm (47 to 118 in), and annual temperatures vary between 5°C (41°F) and 37°C (99°F). |
| Vietnam's cuisine and music have three distinct flavours. Northern classical music is Vietnam's oldest and is traditionally more formal. Vietnamese classical music can be traced to the Mongol invasions, when the Vietnamese captured a Chinese opera troupe. Central classical music shows the influences of Champa culture with its melancholic melodies. Southern music exudes a lively laissez faire attitude. Vietnamese cuisine is based on rice, soy sauce, tendon, and fish sauce. Its characteristic flavour is sweet (sugar), spicy (serrano peppers), and flavoured by a variety of mints and coffee beans. |
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